The challenge of heat stress

Heat stress has been implicated in the etiology of numerous welfare, health and production problems, ranging from reduced fertility in breeders, digestive disorders, suppressed immunocompetence, oxidative stress, and production performance.

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Heat stress continues to challenge the poultry industry and the challenge is even increasing. Improvements in poultry genetics have led to higher metabolic rates: birds consequently produce more body heat, making them increasingly prone to heat stress. Increased ambient temperatures as one of the most immediate and obvious effects of global warming, along with higher stocking densities, also contribute strongly to the frequent occurrence of heat stress in birds. Additionally, the absence of sweat glands in poultry makes the process of thermoregulation as an adaptive response to heat stress quite complex.

Exclusive interview with a Veterinarian

We did an interview with Clara Fornalés Pallàs, Veterinarian at the Health Protection Agency for poultry of La Mancha, on how to identify and tackle the challenges of heat stress. 

Watch the entire interview here.

 

How do birds react in behavior to heat stress?

  • Birds will start to drop their wings to increase their surface area for heat loss and they will start to pant.
  • Energy will be redirected away from growth and/or production in favor of maintaining thermoregulatory homeostasis.
  • Less feed will be consumed to decrease endogenous heat production via a reduced metabolic activity.
  • Birds lose a high amount of water through the respiratory tract causing them to significantly drink more to restore the thermoregulatory balance. The increase of respiration rate is also the cause of acid-base imbalance (respiratory alkalosis)
  • Redistribution of the blood flow to the skin and respiratory tract may occur.

A multi-factorial approach

Nutritional and immunomodulating interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing the severity of heat stress and reducing the associated detrimental effects. A multi-factorial approach to reducing the effects of heat stress is vital if animal welfare and profitable production are to be maintained. Read all about this challenge and proposed solutions in our latest article.

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